A cold subarctic climate with a cold-and-dry summer and a very cold winter is associated with the northern margins of the ‘Dsc’ cool subarctic climate which has a cold-and-dry summer and a wet winter.
It is labelled ‘Dsd’ by the Köppen–Geiger scheme for the classification of climates, which requires:
- all months of the year to have an average temperature less than 22 °C
- between one and three months of the year to have an average temperature of 10 °C or above
- the coldest month of the year to have an average temperature below -38 °C
- annual precipitation to exceed the annual potential evapotranspiration
- the wettest month of winter to have at least 3 times more precipitation than the driest month of summer, which must receive less than 30 mm.
The ‘Dsd’ climate is very rare, and is not found at any major weather station.
